Tag: Buddhist Encyclopedias
Buddhist Encyclopedias
Contributors’ Biographical Notes (EoBDK)
REP – Ron Epstein – Buddhism A to Z
ABE – Alexander Berzin – Berzin Archives, BerzSB
REB – Robert E. Buswell, Jr. – PDoB
DSL – Donald S. Lopez Jr. – PDoB
CMLJ – Cloud Monk Losang Jinpa –
MBA – “Martin Baumann is Professor of the Study of Religions at the University of Lucerne, Switzerland. He obtained his Ph.D. with a thesis on the history and processes of adaptation of Buddhism in Germany (1993). His post-doctorial thesis (habilitation) on Hindu tradition in the Caribbean analyzed patterns of diaspora identities and changes (1999). He has been research fellow at the University of Hanover and visiting professor at the university of Bremen (both Germany), writing a study on Vietnamese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus in Germany (2000). His fields of interests are the spread and adaptation of Buddhist and Hindu traditions outside of Asia, diaspora and migrant studies, and theory and method in the study of religions. He is the general editor of the online Journal of Global Buddhism and author of numerous articles in both German and English. He has co-edited Westward Dharma: Buddhism Beyond Asia (2002) with Charles S. Prebish, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopaedia of Beliefs and Practices (2002) with J. Gordon Melton, and Tempel und Tamilen in zweiter Heimat (2003) with Brigitte Luchesi and Annette Wilke. He is member of the board of the Swiss Association for the Study of Religions, research affiliate of the Pluralism Project, Harvard University, member of the editorial boards of the Journal of Contemporary Religion, King’s College London, and the RoutledgeCurzon Critical Studies in Buddhism Series, and member of the editorial advisory board of the series Contemporary Religions in Global Perspective, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot UK.” (EoBDK)
GDB – “George D. Bond is Professor of Religion in the Religion Department of Northwestern University. Specializing in Bud-dhist studies and the history of religion, he works primarily on Theravāda Buddhism studying the texts and the practices of Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. He received his Ph.D. from Northwestern University and also studied at the University of Sri Lanka. One of his doctoral mentors was the Venerable Dr. Walpola Rahula. His teaching focuses on Buddhism, Hinduism, and the history of religion. He has been a recipient of the Charles Deering McCormick Professorship of Teaching Excellence, the Northwestern Alumni Association’s Award for Excellence in Teaching and the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences Teaching Award. His publications include: The Buddhist Revival in Sri Lanka (1988), The Word of the Buddha (1980), Sainthood: Its Manifestations in World Religions (1988), which he co-authored and edited with Richard Kieckhefer; and Buddhism at Work: Community Development, Social Empowerment and the Sarvodaya Movement (2004). He has also written numerous articles on Buddhist texts and Buddhist practice, including a recent article, entitled “The Contemporary Lay Meditation Movement and Lay Gurus in Sri Lanka,” which appeared in Religion (2004). Currently he is working on a book about socially engaged Buddhist movements. He has served as president of the Midwest region of the American Academy of Religion and as co-chair, with Charles Prebish, of the Buddhism Section of the national American Academy of Religion. He has been an officer and a board member of the American Institute for Sri Lanka Studies and has served as the Overseas Director for the Center of the American Institute for Sri Lanka Studies in Colombo, Sri Lanka.” (EoBDK)
JDE – “Jim Deitrick holds a Ph.D. in Religion and Social Ethics from the School of Religion at the University of Southern California. He is Assistant Professor of Comparative Philosophy and Religion and Director of the Interdisciplinary Programs in Religious Studies and Asian Studies at the University of Central Arkansas. His teaching and research focus on Western engagements with Asian philosophical and religious traditions and the consequences of such engagements for contemporary social ethical theory and practice. He was awarded the Yvonne Leonard Dissertation Fellowship for his doctoral dissertation, “Mistaking the Boat for the Shore? A Critical Analysis of Socially Engaged Buddhist Social Ethics in the United States.”” (EoBDK)
MLF – “Mavis L. Fenn received her Ph.D. from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. She is at St. Paul’s College (University of Waterloo), Ontario, Canada. She teaches Asian Religion for the Department of Religious Studies. Her research interests include women in Buddhism and the adaptation of Buddhism to the West. Her most recent articles are “Buddhist Diversity in Ontario” co-authored with Kay Koppedrayer at Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Canada, and “The Kutadanta Sutta: Tradition in Tension.” She is currently working on two projects: “Buddhism on a Canadian Campus” and “Buddhist Women in Canada” with Janet McClellan at Wilfrid Laurier University.” (EoBDK)
CHA – “Charles Hallisey is Associate Professor of Languages and Cultures of Asia at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He completed his doctoral research on Devotion in the Buddhist Literature of Medieval Sri Lanka at the Divinity School, the University of Chicago, and subsequently taught at Loyola University of Chicago and Harvard University. He has published widely in the fields of South Asian Buddhism and Buddhist ethics.” (EoBDK)
PHA – “Peter Harvey is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Sunderland, UK, from where he teaches a web-based MA Buddhist Studies (http://www.sun-derland.ac.uk/buddhist). Co-founder of the UK Association for Buddhist Studies (http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0dwe/bsa.shtml), we he was President 2002–6. He is the author of An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (Cambridge University Press, 1990, with a second edition to be published by 2007), The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvāṇa in Early Bud-dhism (Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 1995), An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues (Cambridge University Press, 2000), Buddhism (edited volume, London and New York: Continuum, 2001). He is a meditation teacher in the Theravādin Samatha Trust tradition (http://www.samatha.org).” (EoBDK)
RPH – “Richard P. Hayes got his doctorate in Indian philosophy in the South Asian Studies program at University of Toronto in 1982. After completing his studies he taught in the Department of Philosophy and the Religious Studies Program at University of Toronto. He taught Buddhist Studies in the Faculty of Religious Studies at McGill University from 1988 until 2003. He is currently in the Department of Philosophy at the University of New Mexico. His principal research focus has been on Indian Buddhist scholastics who wrote in Sanskrit, especially on the school of Dignāga and Dharmakīrti.” (EoBDK)
CBJ – “Charles B. Jones is an Associate Professor in the School of Theology and Religious Studies in the Catholic University of America. Aside from publishing in the area of East Asian Buddhism, he is also the executive director of the Institute for Interreligious Study and Dialogue, in which capacity he has published articles on Buddhist-Christian dialogue and Christian theological responses to other religions. He was the recipient of a Fulbright research fellowship in 2004–5, during which time he was a visiting scholar at the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, where he pursued research on Pure Land Buddhist belief among the literati of late Ming dynasty China. His latest book is The View from Mars Hill: Christianity in the Landscape of World Religions (Cowley, 2005).” (EoBDK)
DKE – “Damien Keown is Professor of Buddhist Ethics at Goldsmiths College, University of London, where he has taught Bud-dhism since 1981. After taking a first degree in Religious Studies at Lancaster University he specialized in Buddhism and completed a doctorate at the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford, on Buddhist ethics. Since then he has helped pioneer the development of this field and has published widely on the subject, authoring and editing numerous books and many articles and chapters and speaking at international conferences. In 1994 he and Charles Prebish co-founded the award winning Journal of Buddhist Ethics, and subsequently the Routledge-Curzon Critical Studies in Buddhism Series and the Journal of Buddhist Ethics Online Books series of electronic textbooks on religion. Damien Keown was elected a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society in 1985, and was Spalding Trust Visiting Fellow in Comparative Religion, Clare Hall, Cambridge, in 1996–97 and a visiting professor at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, in 2002. He is a member of numerous professional bodies in religion and was Secretary of the UK Association of Buddhist Studies 2002–5.” (EoBDK)
JNK – “Jacob N. Kinnard is Assistant Professor of Comparative Religious Thought at Iliff School of Theology, where he teaches graduate courses on the religions of India and methodological and theoretical issues in the history of religions. He holds a B.A. from Bowdoin College, and an M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. He is the author of Imaging Wisdom: Seeing and Knowing in the Art of Indian Buddhism (Routledge Curzon, 1999) and The Emergence of Buddhism (Greenwood, 2006), and co-editor of Constituting Communities: Theravāda Traditions in South and Southeast Asia (SUNY, 2003). He has written numerous articles on a variety of issues in Buddhist studies, and is currently working on a book on the relationship between Hinduism and Buddhism as it is played out at several shared pilgrimage places in India. Professor Kinnard is editor of the Cultural Criticism series for Oxford University Press/AAR, and a member of the Publication Committee of the American Academy of Religion.” (EoBDK)
LRL – “Lewis R. Lancaster is President of University of the West, Rosemead, California, and Professor Emeritus of East Asian languages and Buddhist Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. For many years Professor Lancaster was in charge of University of California at Berkeley’s Ph.D. program in the Group in Buddhist Studies. His recent publications include “The Koryŏ Edition of the Buddhist Canon: New Sources for Research” (in Sang-oak Lee and Duk-soo Park, eds., Perspective on Korea, Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, dist, 1998); “The Dunhuang Manuscripts: The Current State of Research” and “Fragments and Forgeries: Strategies for Judging Authenticity,” (in Susan Whitfield, ed., Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries, London: British Library Studies in Conservation Science, Vol. 3, 2002); and “Virtual Reality Within the Humanities,” (in Maurizio Forte, ed., The Reconstruction of Archaeological Landscapes through Digital Technologies, BAR International Series 1379: London, 2005). His print publication, The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue (in collaboration with Sung-bae Park, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970), has been digitized by Charles Muller and posted at his website (http://www.hm.tyg.jp/~acmuller/descriptive-catalogue/). Professor Lancaster has been active in the world of computers, organizing the Electronic Buddhist Text Initiative, a consortium of more than forty groups around the world dealing with Buddhism and the new technology, and the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI) which makes use of GIS software. As one of the organizers of the Summit Conference on Digital Tools for the Humanities at the University of Virginia in 2005, he continues to work toward a more effective use of technology in scholarship.” (EoBDK)
KCL – “Karen C. Lang is Professor of Buddhist Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia. She teaches undergraduate and graduate courses on Buddhism and reading courses in Sanskrit, Pali and Tibetan languages. Her research interests focus on the intellectual history of Indian Buddhism. Her publications include Āryade-va’s Catuhśataka: On the Bodhisattva’s Cultivation of Merit and Knowledge (Akademisk Vorlag, 1986) and Four Illusions: Candrakīrti’s Advice on the Bodhisattva’s Practice of Yoga (Oxford University Press, 2003), and numerous articles on Indian Buddhist philosophy and literature.” (EoBDK)
DLM – “David L. McMahan is Associate Professor of Religious Studies at Franklin and Marshall College in Pennsylvania and received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Santa Barbara. He is the author of Empty Vision: Metaphor and Visionary Imagery in Mahayana Buddhism (RoutledgeCurzon, 2002) and is writing on a book on the development of modern Buddhism to be published by Oxford University Press.” (EoBDK)
JYP – “Jin Y. Park is Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Religion at American University. She is editor of the forthcoming Buddhisms and Deconstructions (Rowman and Littlefield), translator of Getting Familiar with Death (Won Pub-lications, 1999) and author of journal articles and book chapters including: “Zen and Zen Philosophy of Language,” “Zen Language in Our Time: The Case of Pojo Chinul’s Huatou Meditation,” and “Gendered Response to Modernity: Kim Iryeop and Buddhism.”” (EoBDK)
RKP – Richard K. Payne is Dean of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, an affiliate of both the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, and Ryukoku University, Kyoto. He is also a Shingon Buddhist priest (acari), ordained on Koyasan in 1982. While specializing in the study of Shingon ritual, he has published on the Pure Land tradition as well. His recent publications include Discourse and Ideology in Medieval Japanese Buddhism (co-edited with Taigen Dan Leighton, Routledge-Curzon, 2005), Tantric Buddhism in East Asia (Wisdom Publications, 2005), and Approaching the Land of Bliss (co-edited with Kenneth K. Tanaka, University of Hawai’i Press, 2004). He is Chair of the Editorial Committee for Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, and Editor in Chief of the Pure Land Buddhist Studies Series, jointly pub-lished by Brill Academic and University of Hawai’i Press.” (EoBDK)
JPO – John Powers received his Ph.D. in Buddhist Studies from University of Virginia in 1991. He is the author of nine books, including Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism (Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 1995) and History as Propaganda: Tibetan Exiles Versus the People’s Republic of China (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004). He has also published over seventy articles on a variety of subjects, including Buddhist philosophy, human rights issues, and contemporary Buddhist movements.” (EoBDK)
CSP – “Charles S. Prebish has been Professor of Religious Studies at the Pennsylvania State University for more than thirty-five years. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, where he served as Research Assistant to Richard H. Robinson. He is the author of seventeen books, and nearly 100 articles and chapters. He is a former officer in the International Association of Buddhist Studies and a founding Co-Chair of the Buddhism Section of the American Academy of Religion. He is also a past president of the Association of Peer Reviewed Electronic Journals in Religion. In 1994, along with Damien Keown, he co-founded the award-winning Journal of Bud-dhist Ethics, and in 2000 co-founded the Journal of Global Buddhism with Martin Baumann. With Damien Keown, he is co-editor of the RoutledgeCurzon Critical Studies in Buddhism series. Also with Damien Keown, he created the Journal of Buddhist Ethics Online Books series, which was the first scholarly eBook textbook series. In 1993 he held the Numata Chair in Buddhist Studies as “Distinguished Visiting Professor” at the University of Calgary, and in 1997–8 won a Rockefeller Foundation National Humanities Fellowship to conduct research on North American Buddhism at the Centre for the Study of Religion at the University of Toronto. His major research work has focused on the Indian Buddhist monastic and sectarian traditions, on the academic study of Buddhism, and on the development of Western Buddhism, an area in which he is considered the leading pioneer whose efforts led to the emergence of this topic as a legitimate sub-discipline in the larger field of Buddhist Studies. His long contribution to Buddhist Studies has recently been honored by the publication of a festschrift volume entitled Buddhist Studies from India to America: Essays in Honor of Charles Prebish.” (EoBDK)
JSC – “Juliane Schober (Ph.D., Anthropology) is Associate Professor of Religious Studies and a former director of the Program for Southeast Asian Studies at Arizona State University. Her research focuses on Theravāda Buddhism in Burma, particularly on ritual, sacred geography, and veneration of images. Her publications include an edited volume on Sacred Bio-graphy in the Buddhist Traditions of South and Southeast Asia (University of Hawai’i Press, 1997). She has con-tributed to a number of encyclopedia projects. Her recent essay on “Buddhist Visions of Moral Authority and Civil Society: The Search for the Post-Colonial State in Burma” appeared in Burma at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century (M. Skidmore, ed., Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005: 113–33). Her present project traces the genealogies on modern Buddhism in Burma during the country’s precolonial, colonial and independent eras. “Buddhism and Modernity in Myanmar” appears in Buddhism in World Cultures: Contemporary Perspectives (ABC-Clio, S. Berkwitz, ed., forthcoming 2006).” (EoBDK)
ASP – “Alan Sponberg has taught Buddhist Studies for twenty-five years at Princeton University, Stanford University, and currently at the University of Montana, where he is Professor of Asian Philosophy and Religion and Director of the Asian Studies Program. He also teaches courses periodically at the Buddhist Library of Singapore and the Nagarjuna Institute in Nagpur, India. His publications focus on the transmission of early Mahāyāna Buddhism from India to China and reflect additional ongoing interests in Buddhist ethics and contemporary Buddhism in Asia and the West. He has lived in Nepal, India and Japan, and is currently helping to organize Dharmapala College, an internationally based two-year Buddhist seminary program under the auspices of the Western Buddhist Order.” (EoBDK)
PLS – “Paul L. Swanson is a permanent Research Fellow and Director of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture, and Professor in the Faculty of Humanities at Nanzan University in Nagoya, Japan. His major focuses of research are on Tiantai/Tendai Buddhism and Shu-gendo. In addition to editing the Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, he has published widely in the field of Buddhist Studies and Japanese religions, including Foundations of Tien-t’ai Philosophy (Asian Humanities Press, 1989), Religion and Society in Modern Japan (Asian Humanities Press, 1993), Pruning the Bodhi Tree (University of Hawai’i Press, 1997), and the Nanzan Guide to Japanese Religions (University of Hawai’i Press, 2006). His annotated translation of the Chinese Buddhist classic Mo-ho chih-kuan has been released in provisional digital form on CD-ROM as The Great Cessation and Contemplation (2004).” (EoBDK)
KTR – “Kevin Trainor is Associate Professor of Religion at the University of Vermont. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1990. His areas of research include Indian Buddhism and Theravāda Buddhism in Sri Lanka, with a particular focus on the history of Buddhist relic veneration. His book publications include Relics, Ritual, and Representation in Buddhism: Rematerializing the Sri Lankan Theravāda Tradition (Cambridge University Press, 1997), Buddhism: The Illustrated Guide (Oxford University Press, 2004; general editor), and Embodying the Dharma: Buddhist Relic Veneration in Asia (SUNY Press, 2004; co-editor with David Germano). His articles, including work on the Therīgāthā (Verses of the Elder Nuns), on relic theft in Sri Lankan Buddhism, and on Sāñcī, have been published in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Numen, and Mārg. He was co-organizer and co-chair, with David Germano, of a four-year seminar on Buddhist relic veneration at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Religion, 1994–7. He has been a Fulbright senior scholar at the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka and a visiting scholar at Cornell University. He is currently completing a book exploring the modern history of the Dhammapada as an object of cultural exchange and appropriation.” (EoBDK)
JSW – “Jonathan S. Walters (B.A., Bowdoin; A.M., Ph.D., University of Chicago) is currently Associate Professor of Religion and Asian Studies, and Paul Garrett Fellow in the Humanities at Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington. He previously taught at the University of Chicago, Northwestern University and the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, and his research and long-term fieldwork in rural Sri Lanka have been supported by the Fulbright Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Arthur and Lois Graves Foundation. He is author or editor of The History of Kelaniya, Finding Buddhists in Global History, Querying the Medieval: Texts and the History of Practices in South Asia (with Ronald B. Inden and Daud Ali) and Constituting Communities: Theravada Buddhism and the Religious Cultures of South and Southeast Asia (edited with John C. Holt and Jacob Kinnard), in addition to numerous shorter publications in the general area of South Asian (and especially Sri Lankan) Buddhist history, culture and politics, ancient to contemporary. He currently serves on the Board of Directors of the American Institute of Sri Lankan Studies and as International Representative of the Committee for the Protection of the Eppawala Phosphate Deposit, a grassroots Buddhist environmentalist movement in Sri Lanka’s ancient North Central Province.” (EoBDK)
AWI – “Ananda Wickremeratne graduated with honors in History from the University of Ceylon in 1961, and soon became a member of its faculty. The award of a Commonwealth Scholarship from the UK in 1963 enabled him to pursue his doctoral research in Oxford, which he successfully completed in 1966. Following the grant of a Commonwealth Academic Staff Fellowship, also by the British government, he spent 1974–5 as a visiting fellow to the University of London. He left Sri Lanka in 1979 to assume to two fellowships in Harvard in the Department of Anthropology and the Center for the Study of World Religions. At the time he left Sri Lanka he had obtained a merit promotion to an Associate Professorship. He relocated to Chicago and continues to be an Associate Member of the University of Chicago. Currently, he is a Senior Lecturer in the Theology Department of Loyola University Chicago and teaches courses in Buddhism at the Northwestern University, and religion in the School of Continuing Studies, also at Northwestern University. Wickremeratne is the author of The Genesis of an Orientalist: Thomas William Rhys Davids in Sri Lanka (Missouri: South Asia Books, 1994), Buddhism and Ethnicity in Sri Lanka: A Historical Analysis (New Delhi: Vikas, 1995), and The Roots of Nationalism in Sri Lanka (Colombo: Marga Institute, 1995). Wickremeratne has in addition published numerous articles in academic journals in Sri Lanka, England, and the USA.” (EoBDK)
Sources:
See also Buddhist Encyclopedias, Buddhist Bibliography.
Fair Use Source: B007JWL3CQ BAtoZ
Ronald Epstein received his BA from Harvard University and his PhD from University of California, Berkeley in Buddhism. He collaborated in the translation of the Heart Sutra and the Shurangama Sutra under the direction of Tripitaka Master Hsuan Hua. He has been teaching philosophy and religion at San Francisco State University for 30 years and is also a research professor at the Institute for World Religions in Berkeley.
Have you confused karma with dharma? Amida with Gautama? The Five Desires with the Eightfold Path? Then Ronald Epstein’s Buddhism A to Z can provide a little enlightenment. Geared for English-speaking Westerners who want to know more about Buddhism, this alphabetical dictionary covers everything from the role of an abbot to the contributions of Zen. The format is very user-friendly, with a dual-column layout, 100 illustrations, and explanatory quotes from Buddhist masters.
- Publisher: Buddhist Text Translation Society
- Print Length: 284 pages
- ASIN: B007JWL3CQ
- Publication Date: March 12, 2012
List of Introductory Readings
For a general understanding of basic Buddhist teachings, start with the entries in Group I, then move on to Group II, and so forth. If you want information on a particular topic, read the specific entry that most closely approximates your topic, then check the entries listed after the “SEE ALSO” at the end of the entry, then check the sources listed for that entry in Appendix A: Additional Reference Material for Entries.
- Five Moral Precepts
“I Take Refuge in the Triple Jewel (Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha)”
karma
rebirth
enlightenment
Buddha – see also Shakyamuni Buddha Siddhartha Gautama – “The Buddha“
Thus Come One – Tathagata
Dharma/dharma - Arhat
Four Holy Truths
Noble Eightfold Path
Twelvefold Conditioned Arising – 12 Links of Dependent Origination
Bodhisattva
pāramitā – Paramita – Perfection
Six Pāramitās - Six Spiritual Powers
Six Paths of Rebirth
Ten Dharma Realms
Five Skandhas
Eighteen Realms - meditation
mindfulness
Four Applications of Mindfulness
lotus posture
samadhi – dhyāna-samadhi
Chan School – Zen
Four Dhyānas
Four Formless Realms - Five Types of Buddhist Study and Practice
Mahayana and Hinayana Compared
Pure Land
Buddha Recitation
Eight Consciousnesses
One Hundred Dharmas
emptiness – Shunyata – Prajna – Maha Prajna Paramita – “Merely labelled” - demon
lineage – traditions, sects, schools of Buddhism
Sources:
See also Buddhist Encyclopedias and Buddhist Dictionaries
Malalasekera, G.P., Encyclopedia of Buddhism (EB)
Sources:
Buddhist Encyclopedias.
See also Buddhist Dictionaries
- Malalasekera, G.P., Encyclopedia of Buddhism (EB)
- Buddhism A to Z, Epstein, Ron, Buddhism A to Z, Buddhist Text Translation Society, 2012
- B00HDE2GW6 EoBDK
Sources:
Abbreviations of BTTS Publications
Texts from Ven. Buddhist Master Hsuan Hua
Volume numbers are indicated by roman numerals.
CWSL | Hsüan-tsang. Ch’eng Wei-shih Lun; The Doctrine of Mere-Consciousness (CWSL) |
DPPN | Malalasekera, G.P., ed. Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names (Pali Text Society) (DPPN) — see Buddhist Dictionaries |
EB | Malalasekera, G.P., ed. Encyclopedia of Buddhism (EB) – see Buddhist Encyclopedias |
HYSC | Huayan Shuchao (National Master Qingliang’s Commentary on the Flower Adornment Sutra) (HYSC) |
PTSD | Rhys Davids, T. W., ed. The Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary. (PTSD) |
T. | Takakusu and Watanabe, eds. Taisho shinshu Daizokyo. (T. nnnn) |